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PEER-REVIEWED • OPEN ACCESS • ESTABLISHED 2014

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The Indian Journal of Contemporary Legal and Social Issues publishes rigorous, accessible scholarship at the intersection of law, society, technology, and governance.

Criminal Law
Voluntariness and Judicial Supervision in Plea Ba...
Vidhyasri K
Criminal Law8 min
Criminal Law
Issue of Process and Exemption from Personal Appe...
D. Saranya
Criminal Law8 min
Public Health
Effect of Zumba on Body Mass Index of Obese Schoo...
Arti Toppo
Public Health8 min
Criminal Law
Bail Bond, Sureties, Forfeiture, and Cancellation...
Vijay G
Criminal Law8 min
Criminal Law
Summons to Produce Documents and Electronic Commu...
B. Deepa
Criminal Law8 min
Constitutional Law
Preventive Action by Police and Its Constitutiona...
Keerthana K
Constitutional Law8 min
Criminal Law
Interstate Execution of Arrest Warrants and Trans...
Bharathi R
Criminal Law8 min
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Digital Due Process and the Right to Explanation

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Submitted Jan 9, 2025Updated 2 days ago

Land Rights in the Era of Carbon Markets

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Judicial Review of Automated Welfare Systems

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Criminal Law
Evidence, sentencing, and criminal procedure
16 papers
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Fundamental rights, federalism, and judicial review
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Governance, insolvency, and securities regulation
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Latest Publications

October 2026

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Criminal Law

Voluntariness and Judicial Supervision in Plea Bargaining under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023

This paper examines the twin pillars of voluntariness and judicial supervision in the plea bargaining framework of Chapter XXIII (Sections 289 to 300) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, which re-enacts Chapter XXI-A of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. It traces the legislative evolution of plea bargaining in India and sets out the statutory architecture, including the seven-year ceiling, the thirty-day filing rule, the mandatory affidavit, the in-camera examination of the accused, the mutually satisfactory disposition, the sentencing concessions and the finality of judgment. Drawing on Kasambhai Abdulrehmanbhai Sheikh v. State of Gujarat, State of Gujarat v. Natwarlal Himatlal Thakker and Thapparan v. State of Kerala, the paper shows that courts treat voluntariness as a substantive safeguard and not a procedural formality. It also discusses practical challenges such as social stigma, deficient legal aid and judicial hesitancy, and concludes that judicial vigilance is essential if plea bargaining is to deliver swift and equitable justice without sacrificing constitutional protections.

Vidhyasri K
8 min 3
Criminal Law

Issue of Process and Exemption from Personal Appearance under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023

Process and exemption from personal appearance are significant features of criminal procedure in India. When there are adequate grounds to proceed, a criminal court might order an accused individual to appear before it under the issuance of process. Exemption from personal appearance allows an accused individual to participate in a hearing through an advocate without having to be personally present. The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), which went into effect on July 1, 2024, governs these topics principally through Sections 227, 228 and 355. These provisions seek to maintain a balance between effective justice administration, individual liberty, and procedural fairness. This paper analyzes the statutory framework, corresponding judicial decisions, practical issues, and potential improvements regarding process and exemption from personal appearance. It contends that judicial application of mind, reasoned orders, and the proper use of judicial discretion are required to prevent undue harassment while ensuring that criminal processes are completed fairly and expeditiously.

D. Saranya
8 min 3
Public Health

Effect of Zumba on Body Mass Index of Obese School Students

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Zumba on the Body Mass Index (BMI) of obese school students. The study included 30 school students aged 13–16 years from PM SHRI KGBV (Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya), Senha, Lohardaga, Jharkhand. A pre-test and post-test approach was used to assess changes in BMI following the Zumba programme. BMI values were recorded before and after the intervention. Descriptive statistics and a paired-samples t-test were used to analyse the data at the 0.05 level of significance. The mean BMI decreased from 30.83 ± 0.23 in the pre-test to 29.53 ± 0.30 in the post-test, representing a mean reduction of 1.30 BMI units. The paired-samples t-test revealed a statistically significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores (t = 40.42, df = 29, p less than .001). The findings indicate a significant reduction in BMI following the intervention. The results suggest that Zumba may be a useful physical activity approach for managing BMI among obese school students, although the absence of a control group and information about the intervention duration limits causal interpretation.

Arti Toppo & Rajat Sukladas
8 min 1
Criminal Law

Bail Bond, Sureties, Forfeiture, and Cancellation of Bail under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023

Bail is an important safeguard of personal liberty and a practical means of ensuring that an accused person remains available for investigation, inquiry and trial. The law of bail does not end with the decision to release an accused; it also regulates the bond executed for appearance, the role and responsibility of sureties, the consequences of breach, and the circumstances in which bail or a bond may be cancelled. Chapter XXXV of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), particularly sections 478 and 480–496, provides the statutory framework for bail and bonds in India. This paper examines bail bonds, the legal position of sureties, the procedure for forfeiture, and the distinction between cancellation of bail and cancellation of a bond. It analyses safeguards under the BNSS, including the rule that bond amounts must not be excessive, the need to record grounds before recovering a penalty, and the opportunity to show cause. It also considers leading Supreme Court decisions on personal liberty and cancellation of bail. The paper argues that bail conditions should secure attendance and protect proceedings without becoming instruments of unnecessary detention. Fair administration requires reasoned orders, proportionate financial conditions, meaningful scrutiny of sureties, and a careful distinction between breach of bond and conduct that justifies taking an accused back into custody.

Vijay G
8 min 3

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