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PEER-REVIEWED • OPEN ACCESS • ESTABLISHED 2014

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The Indian Journal of Contemporary Legal and Social Issues publishes rigorous, accessible scholarship at the intersection of law, society, technology, and governance.

Cyber Law/Data Privacy
Shaping Artificial Intelligence From Innovation T...
Ms. Poulomi Banerjee
Cyber Law/Data Privacy8 min
Corporate Law
Mergers and Acquisitions in India and Their Impac...
Bhargav Ganti
Corporate Law8 min
Criminal Law/Human Rights
Legal Aid and the Right of an Accused to Be Defen...
Balaji D
Criminal Law/Human Rights8 min
Gender Justice/Labour Law
Women's Workplace Rights Under the New Labour Cod...
Ananya Singhal
Gender Justice/Labour Law8 min
Cyber Law/Contract Law
Digital Consent in Indian Contract Law: Reimagini...
Gnazhal Rani
Cyber Law/Contract Law8 min
Corporate Law
AI-Driven Corporate Decision-Making and Directors...
Akshat Bose
Corporate Law8 min
Criminal Law
Victim Participation and Mutually Satisfactory Di...
Vijayalakshmi Ajantha
Criminal Law8 min
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Digital Due Process and the Right to Explanation

Under Review
Submitted Jan 9, 2025Updated 2 days ago

Land Rights in the Era of Carbon Markets

Revision Requested
Submitted Nov 28, 2024Updated Jan 11

Judicial Review of Automated Welfare Systems

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Submitted Oct 14, 2024Updated Dec 19

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Criminal Law
Evidence, sentencing, and criminal procedure
15 papers
Constitutional Law
Fundamental rights, federalism, and judicial review
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Corporate Law
Governance, insolvency, and securities regulation
2 papers
Criminal Law/Human Rights
Criminal Law scholarship in the IJCLSI catalogue
1 papers
Cyber Law/Contract Law
Contract Law scholarship in the IJCLSI catalogue
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Cyber Law/Data Privacy
Data Privacy scholarship in the IJCLSI catalogue
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Latest Publications

October 2026

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Cyber Law/Data Privacy

Shaping Artificial Intelligence From Innovation To Regulation In Legal And Privacy Dimensions

Artificial Intelligence has emerged as one of the most transformative forces of our time— redefining how we work, communicate, govern, and even perceive ourselves. Yet, behind its promise of innovation lies an unsettling reality: AI often intrudes into the most intimate corners of human life, exposing individuals to unprecedented privacy risks. Wrongful arrests through flawed facial recognition, manipulation of democratic choices in the Cambridge Analytical scandal, denial of credit through opaque algorithms, and the humiliation caused by deep fake harassment are no longer isolated incidents but symptoms of deeper legal and ethical gaps. These cases reveal a troubling truth—that our legal systems, built for a pre-digital era, are illequipped to deal with the scale and speed of AI-driven intrusions. Consent has become superficial, accountability is diffused, and individuals often have no meaningful remedy when machines make decisions that affect their rights and dignity. This paper argues that the future of AI must not be a choice between innovation and protection but a balance of both. It calls for stronger data protection regimes, algorithmic accountability laws, recognition of digital consent, and international cooperation to regulate AI across borders. At its core, the regulation of AI is not just about controlling technology—it is about safeguarding dignity, fairness, and human autonomy in an era where machines increasingly mediate human lives. By learning from the failures of current privacy protections and embracing forward-looking regulation, society can harness AI as a tool of empowerment rather than oppression. Ultimately, the intersection of AI and privacy is not merely a technological or legal issue—it is a human one. The way societies choose to regulate AI will determine whether innovation becomes a tool for empowerment or a mechanism of control. Responsible regulation must therefore walk a careful line: it should enable the creative potential of AI to flourish while ensuring that individuals are shielded from harm, protected in their autonomy, and respected in their fundamental rights. In doing so, law must evolve not as a barrier to progress, but as a safeguard of human dignity in the digital age.

Ms. Poulomi Banerjee & Shristi Yadav
8 min 4
Corporate Law

Mergers and Acquisitions in India and Their Impact on the Operating Efficiency of the Indian Acquiring Company: A Legal and Empirical Assessment

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are often defended as instruments for improving an acquiring company’s operating efficiency through economies of scale, complementary assets, stronger market access, technology transfer, and the redeployment of capital. Yet an increase in size, revenue, or market share does not necessarily demonstrate that the acquisition has made the acquirer more productive. This paper examines the relationship between M&A and the operating efficiency of Indian acquiring companies through doctrinal analysis, a review of empirical literature, and comparative case studies. It considers the statutory process under the Companies Act, 2013, competition review under the Competition Act, 2002, and related securities, tax, and sectoral constraints. The literature on Indian firms is mixed: some studies find improved profitability and cash-flow margins, while others show deterioration in raw post-merger metrics or no significant improvement after adjusting for the performance of comparable firms. The paper analyses Tata Motors’ acquisition of Jaguar Land Rover, Hindalco’s acquisition of Novelis, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries’ acquisition of Ranbaxy, and the merger of HDFC Limited into HDFC Bank. These examples show that operating results depend on the fit between strategic rationale and integration design, financing structure, regulatory compliance, organisational capability, and the time horizon used to assess performance. The paper argues that efficiency must be treated as a testable post-closing outcome rather than a presumption arising from deal completion. It recommends measurable synergy baselines, independent monitoring, transparent disclosure, competition-sensitive planning, and multi-year evaluation against industry and control-firm benchmarks.

Bhargav Ganti
8 min 11
Criminal Law/Human Rights

Legal Aid and the Right of an Accused to Be Defended Under the BNSS: Justice Should Not Depend on Money

This article examines legal aid and the right of an accused person to be defended under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. It explains Sections 340 and 341, constitutional safeguards, key Supreme Court decisions, the Legal Services Authorities Act and the Legal Aid Defence Counsel System. It also considers undertrial detention, access to lawyers, preparation time, language barriers and practical steps needed to make legal aid effective.

Balaji D
8 min 6
Gender Justice/Labour Law

Women's Workplace Rights Under the New Labour Codes: Progress and Challenges

India's consolidation of twenty-nine central labour enactments into four Labour Codes, brought into force on 21 November 2025, is the most extensive restructuring of Indian labour law since Independence. This article examines whether the Codes advance women's workplace rights or merely redistribute regulatory responsibility. Using a doctrinal methodology supported by secondary data, it compares the earlier regime with the Code on Wages, 2019, the Industrial Relations Code, 2020, the Code on Social Security, 2020, and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 across five dimensions: equal remuneration and non-discrimination, working hours and night work, maternity and childcare, representation and grievance redress, and coverage and enforcement. The findings show real progress: a statutory bar on gender discrimination in wages and recruitment, consent-based access to night work and all categories of employment, a continued maternity and crèche framework, and women's representation in grievance committees. The study also identifies structural challenges: heavy reliance on delegated rules that vary across States, threshold-based coverage that excludes small establishments, a shift towards facilitator-led compliance that may dilute enforcement, the uncertain position of domestic, home-based and platform workers, limited attention to unpaid care work, and the absence of a statutory link to ILO Convention No. 190. The article concludes that the Codes' promise will be realised only through rights-oriented rules, credible enforcement and wider coverage, and offers specific recommendations.

Ananya Singhal
8 min 4

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