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PEER-REVIEWED • OPEN ACCESS • ESTABLISHED 2014

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The Indian Journal of Contemporary Legal and Social Issues publishes rigorous, accessible scholarship at the intersection of law, society, technology, and governance.

Criminal Law
THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CRIMINAL I...
Simran Sharma
Criminal Law8 min
Public Health
Doctrine Without Machinery: The Right To Peaceful...
Nandan Rathi
Public Health8 min
Criminal Law
Protection Of Children From Sexual Offences Act, ...
Sakshi
Criminal Law8 min
Cyber Law/Contract Law
Unpacking The Illusion: A Legal Deconstruction Of...
Shelly
Cyber Law/Contract Law8 min
Property Law/Civil Procedure
When Property Has No Owner: A Jurisprudential Ana...
Sourav Kar
Property Law/Civil Procedure8 min
Constitutional Law
Autonomous Governance Under The Indian Constituti...
Samhita Anil Adya
Constitutional Law8 min
Environmental Law
From Planning To Pollution: Environmental Degrada...
Akanksha
Environmental Law8 min
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Digital Due Process and the Right to Explanation

Under Review
Submitted Jan 9, 2025Updated 2 days ago

Land Rights in the Era of Carbon Markets

Revision Requested
Submitted Nov 28, 2024Updated Jan 11

Judicial Review of Automated Welfare Systems

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Submitted Oct 14, 2024Updated Dec 19

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Latest Publications

August 2026

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Criminal Law

THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

AI has accelerated its development, taking the lead in digital innovation by improving various areas through its high-speed data analysis, pattern detection and self-directed choices. Over the past few years, AI has begun changing criminal justice systems globally by improving modern criminal investigations. To improve the efficiency of their crime-investigation operations, law enforcement organisations are utilising AI-powered facial recognition, connected cameras, predictive policing, and forensic equipment. Given that crimes are becoming more difficult to tackle, these tools are now necessary to support police work. This research investigates the impact that AI now has on law enforcement and the ways it positively affects the field. Using AI technology, police forces reduce mistakes, work quickly to solve crimes and manage their available resources in a better way. But, the use of AI raises many difficulties that demand careful attention as soon as possible. Concerns include how one-sided AI decisions can be, threats to personal privacy, how difficult it is to see behind the decisions made by AI and the risk that surveillance cameras may be misused. They seriously threaten the basic rights and justice that America stands for. The research evaluates the legislation related to AI in law enforcement and assesses how well they handle the problems caused by using AI in policing. It dedicates its studies to international cases and laws from nations like the United States, India and the European Union to give a global comparison. A deep investigation makes it possible to find weaknesses in the rules and develop suggestions for policies to support safe use of AI in criminal cases. Ultimately, this dissertation seeks to present balanced, practical guidance for the integration of AI into criminal justice systems. It aims to support a framework that upholds both technological advancement and the protection of human rights, contributing to the ongoing global discourse on how to ethically and effectively embed AI within systems of law enforcement.

Simran Sharma
8 min 2
Public Health

Doctrine Without Machinery: The Right To Peaceful Protest In India After The 2026 Examination-Integrity Agitations

Between June and August 2026, two examination-integrity protests, one in New Delhi over the NEET-UG paper leak and one in Ranchi over irregularities in Jharkhand's public-service recruitment examinations, tested the operative Indian doctrine on peaceful assembly against a police response that included tear gas, water cannon, and district-wide internet suspension. This paper restates that doctrine with precision, drawn from In Re: Ramlila Maidan Incident, Amit Sahni v Commissioner of Police, Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan v Union of India, and Anuradha Bhasin v Union of India , and tests it against the documented record of both episodes, including a Delhi High Court public-interest petition against the internet shutdown orders that was withdrawn, unadjudicated, once the protest ended. It argues that the deficiency is not doctrinal, since existing precedent already supplies a workable proportionality and transparency standard, but operational. There is no mechanism to make that standard bind a police officer or a district magistrate in real time, only a slow judicial review that in this instance never reached a hearing on the merits.

Nandan Rathi
8 min 5
Criminal Law

Protection Of Children From Sexual Offences Act, 2012 – An Overview

In 2012, the Legislature passed the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act to address child sexual abuse. Before this Act, certain provisions of the Indian Penal Code offered limited protection but contained significant loopholes, including the failure to recognise male victims and the absence of a statutory definition of child sexual abuse in sections 375, 354, and 377. The Goa Children's Act, 2003 was an earlier attempt at legislation at the state level. India ranked among the countries with the highest incidence of sexual offences against children, and surveys revealed that abuse frequently occurred within the child's immediate environment, perpetrated by known persons such as family members or persons in positions of trust. This Act protects children below the age of 18 years from sexual offences and provides a framework for investigation, trial, and adjudication of such cases. The severity of the problem was brought into sharp focus by the ‘Study on Child Abuse: India 2007’ conducted by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, which surveyed over 12,447 children across 13 states. The study found that more than 53 per cent of children surveyed had experienced one or more forms of sexual abuse, and that as few as three per cent of such offences were ever reported to the relevant authorities. [1] The Act divides sexual offences into four broad categories: sexual assault, aggravated sexual assault, penetrative sexual assault, and sexual harassment. The Act also prescribes punishments for each category of offence. With the passing of this legislation, the Legislature created a specific and comprehensive framework to deal with sexual offences against children. [1] Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India, ‘Study on Child Abuse: India 2007’ (Government of India 2007). The study was conducted across 13 states and covered more than 12,447 children across different age groups.

Sakshi & Ananya Chaudhary
8 min 22
Cyber Law/Contract Law

Unpacking The Illusion: A Legal Deconstruction Of Dark Patterns In Food Delivery Apps And India's Consumer Exploitation

Rapid digital adoption and adaptation is occurring in urban consumption on the backdrop of an expanding array of highly intricate electronic marketplace. In this new digitally-driven landscape, food delivery services and other digital interfaces are in process of dictating Indian consumer tastes by using deceitful interfaces referred to as 'dark patterns' which are cognitive-lock-in tactics utilized to influence consumer choice with the aim of cultivating impulse buying behaviors. The present legal research paper, will be discussing the wide ramifications, legal, economic, and regulatory, which emanate from the use of dark patterns in the largest food delivery services of India. The established doctrines of caveat emptor provided scant remedies for digital manipulation which were hitherto used by market players until the introduction of the new Consumer Protection Act, 2019 1 in India and subsequently guidelines and directions from the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) 2 following, to a degree, the benchmarks for addressing platform based manipulations laid by the Digital Services Act in the European Union 3 . Notwithstanding to the fact that, a gap in the Indian legal framework on the methods of enforcement of manipulations of interface design and hidden costs of dark patterns presented is discovered in this research paper. This paper is an attempt to observe and bring about the existence of such interface design elements which tricks and draws the Indian consumers into the forced continuity loop usage patterns and bypass the acquiring of an 'informed consent'. Such type of research is performed based on the method of doctrinal and analytical research which resulted after a critical and detailed review of the various statutes, guidelines, industry reports and by taking into account the observation of Parliament Standing Committee Report for establishing and determining the extent to which, manipulation of software and algorithmic designs can be argued to infringe upon the choices and autonomy of the Indian digital consumer based upon the efficiency and framework established under the Indian regime to counter such form of manipulation. Through this research paper, it has been noted that the Indian competition regulators acknowledge this problem of misleading user interface design but are unable to address it due to lacuna in enforcement mechanisms and absence of concrete statutory penalties which has to some extent led to the uncontrolled proliferation of such an interface design pattern across India. This paper finally proposes various policy interventions which must be instituted such as mandatory UI/UX Audits, establishing clear definitions of dark pattern taxonomies and imposing higher penalties and administrative fines.

Shelly
8 min 11

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